Binary Security Vulnerabilities

Binary analysis discovers vulnerabilities in compiled software—containers, firmware, and third-party vendor applications—without requiring access to the original source code. Precogs AI provides deep visibility into memory corruption, hardcoded secrets, and cryptographic flaws post-compilation.

Verified by Precogs Threat Research

How does Binary SAST testing differ from traditional source code analysis?

Unlike traditional Static Application Security Testing (SAST) which requires source code, Binary SAST works directly on the final compiled artifact (like an ELF executable, Docker image, or automotive ECU firmware). This allows you to uncover risks introduced by the compiler, hidden in third-party libraries, or embedded in closed-source vendor supply chains where source code isn't available.

Explore Binary Security by Category

Deep-dive into specific areas of binary security to understand the attack surfaces, common vulnerability patterns, and how Precogs AI provides protection.

By Target Type

Containers

Docker ImagesVulnerabilities in Docker container images including base OS layers, installed packages, and misconfigurations→OCI ArtifactsSecurity flaws in Open Container Initiative artifacts used across Kubernetes and cloud-native platforms→Kubernetes PodsRuntime security issues in Kubernetes pod configurations, privilege escalation, and container escape vectors→

Firmware & IoT

Router FirmwareBuffer overflows, backdoors, and command injection in consumer and enterprise router firmware→Embedded DevicesMemory corruption and hardcoded credentials in ARM/MIPS embedded system firmware→UEFI BootloadersSecure Boot bypass, persistent rootkits, and firmware supply chain attacks targeting UEFI→

Executables

Linux ELF BinariesExploitable vulnerabilities in Linux executables including privilege escalation and memory corruption→Windows PE FilesDLL hijacking, PE header manipulation, and code injection in Windows executables→macOS Mach-OCode signing bypasses and library injection in macOS native binaries→

Automotive, Healthcare & Robotics

Automotive ECUsCAN bus injection, firmware backdoors, and memory corruption in vehicle Electronic Control Units→Healthcare DevicesHardcoded medical device credentials, unencrypted telemetry, and binary flaws in patient monitors→Robotics & ICSReal-Time Operating System (RTOS) vulnerabilities, insecure comms protocols, and PLC firmware exploitation→

By Supply Chain Component

Base OS Layers

Alpine LinuxVulnerabilities in Alpine musl libc, apk package manager, and minimal container base images→Debian / UbuntuSecurity flaws in the most widely used Linux distribution package ecosystem→DistrolessEven stripped-down images inherit vulnerabilities from compiler toolchains and base libraries→

Third-Party Libraries

OpenSSL / libsslCryptographic library vulnerabilities affecting TLS implementations across compiled applications→log4jDeserialization and JNDI injection in the ubiquitous Java logging framework→glibcGNU C Library vulnerabilities affecting virtually every Linux compiled binary→

Language Runtimes

Python WheelsNative extension vulnerabilities in compiled Python packages embedded in container images→Java JARsDeserialization, reflection, and classpath exploitation in Java archives within containers→Go ModulesStatically-linked Go binaries inheriting vulnerable stdlib and third-party module code→

By Language

Systems Languages

C / C++Buffer overflows, Use-After-Free, integer overflows, and format string attacks in native code→GoUnsafe pointer usage, goroutine race conditions, and stdlib vulnerabilities in compiled Go binaries→RustUnsafe blocks, memory safety bypasses, and FFI boundary vulnerabilities in compiled Rust→

Managed Languages

Java / KotlinDeserialization attacks, reflection abuse, and JVM escape in compiled JAR/AAR files→.NET / C#Assembly reflection, type confusion, and DLL hijacking in .NET binaries→

Vulnerability Types

CWE-120

Buffer Copy without Checking Size of Input (Buffer Overflow)

A buffer overflow occurs when data is written beyond the boundaries of allocated memory. In compiled binaries, this can ...

CWE-416

Use After Free

Referencing memory after it has been freed can lead to program crashes, data corruption, or arbitrary code execution. Ex...

CWE-190

Integer Overflow or Wraparound

When an arithmetic operation produces a value too large for the integer type, it wraps around, potentially causing buffe...

CWE-415

Double Free

Freeing the same memory address twice can corrupt the heap allocator metadata, leading to arbitrary code execution in co...

CWE-476

NULL Pointer Dereference

Dereferencing a NULL pointer causes crashes and denial of service. In safety-critical systems like automotive ECUs or me...

CWE-122

Heap-based Buffer Overflow

A buffer overflow that occurs in the heap memory area. Heap overflows in firmware can corrupt allocator metadata and ena...

CWE-121

Stack-based Buffer Overflow

Writing beyond the bounds of a stack buffer in compiled code can overwrite the return address, enabling return-oriented ...

CWE-119

Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer

The parent class of buffer overflow vulnerabilities. Operations that read or write outside the intended buffer boundarie...

CWE-787

Out-of-bounds Write

Writing data past the end or before the beginning of a buffer during runtime execution. Detectable through runtime instr...

CWE-125

Out-of-bounds Read

Reading data outside the bounds of allocated memory at runtime, potentially leaking sensitive information from process m...

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